Describe and Evaluate at Least Two Biological Treatments...

Describe and evaluate at least two biological treatments for schizophrenia Biological treatments arise from the medical model of abnormal behaviour, which considers mental disorder to be an illness of disease resulting from underlying biological factors. Most people with schizophrenia receive some form of drug therapy. Drug therapy is the most common treatment, using antipsychotic drugs. Antipsychotic drugs aims to help patient function as well as possible and increasing patient’s feelings of well being. Researchers believe that dopamine plays an important part in schizophrenia. The goal of conventional antipsychotic drug therapy is to reduce the amount of dopamine, or the amount of dopamine receptor sites. They are dopamine antagonists†¦show more content†¦This could indicate that the psychological effect if believing you are helping yourself by taking medication works to reduce symptoms. Another biological therapy is electroconvulsive therapy, which patients are injected so that they are unconscious before the electric shock is administered. (They are also given a nerve blocking agent to paralyse muscles to prevent fractures during the seizure.) A small amount of electric current, lasting about half a second is passed through the brain. This produces a seizure, lasting up to one minute, which affects the whole brain. A patient usually requires between 3 and 15 treatments. Although more SZ patient improved with real ECT, which compared to placebo, when comparing to antipsychotics medication, the drugs are more beneficial. There was some limited evidence to suggest that ECT combined with medication resulted in greater improvement in mental state. The conclusion was that a combination of drugs and ECT could be useful if a rapid reduction of symptoms is required or when patients don’t respond well to drugs alone. (Tharyan and adams 2005) Some people have questioned whether the widespread use of chemical drugs is ethical. The argument is that the drugs and ECT are dehumanising and take away any sense of personal responsibility or control, as there are significant side effect related to drugs and risks associated with ECT, such as brain damage and even death. People in psychoticShow MoreRelatedThe Major Psychological Disorders Covered3588 Words   |  15 Pagesthought disorders often have difficulty with at least one of these aspects. They may include but not limited to the individual been unable to express thoughts in a logical fashion, or they may speak quickly or incoherently. Many individuals also suffer from a disturbance in the way they produce content- this can be seen in individuals having delusions or hallucinations. Due to the broadness of this topic, I will focus this paper on Schizophrenia as one of the examples of a secondary psychoticRead MoreMental Disorders And The Severity Of The Disorders1681 Words   |  7 Pagesor crime could be an outcome. Schizophrenia defines itself as a long-term illness that interferes with a person’s ability to make decisions, manage emotions, and think clearly. Men and women generally develop this disorder between ages twenty and thirty. Some common symptoms for schizophrenia consist of hallucinations and delusions. More specific symptoms for schizophrenia include, lack of emotions, speaking dully, and feeling disconnected. People confuse schizophrenia and clinical depression oftenRead MoreA New Paradigm Substance Use Disorder Treatment1656 Words   |  7 PagesRemission a new paradigm in Substance Use Disorder Treatment Addiction treatment is a complex and paradoxical issue. Despite the fact that most of the medical and academic institutions define addiction as a chronic brain disease, it is too often treated on an acute basis. Chronic conditions are defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as requiring ongoing management over a period of years or decades and cover a wide range of health problems. The goals of chronic care are not to cure, but toRead MoreWhat is normal about abnormality?1905 Words   |  8 Pages Abnormal and Clinical Psychology â€Å"What is normal about abnormality?† This essay will explain why it is difficult to define, classify and diagnose normal and abnormal behaviour. It will evaluate abnormality through cultural issues and diagnostic techniques and strive to, illustrate the possible causes of mental disorders. Abnormal and normal behaviour is not easily defined. What is abnormal? It is to deviate from the norm. What is normal? Normality is dependent on religious beliefs, developmentalRead MoreMental Health And Developmental Disorders2409 Words   |  10 Pagessocial environment history, cultural background, psychological stressors, and her current symptoms. This is her diagnostic case formulation. Thus, previously observed symptomatology by her mother and inferential information, related to culture and biological and social etiologies can be examined for diagnosing a psychological disorder. Accordingly, the diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), along with the Diagnostic ClassificationRead MoreSurvey Of Cognitive Remediation Practices For Individuals With Schizophreni Implementation And Barriers9236 Words   |  37 PagesIndividuals with Schizophrenia: Implementation and Barriers Jessica Ryan Cuttance, M.S., CRC Dr. Dara Chan, ScD, CRC Dr. Mark Klinger, PhD University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Abstract Cognitive impairment (CI) is observed in the vast majority of individuals with schizophrenia and has long been identified as a principal contributor to functional deficits. To date, pro-cognitive pharmacologic therapies have been largely unsuccessful in addressing CI and as such, psychosocial treatments for cognitiveRead MoreExploring and Unraveling Autism Essay2244 Words   |  9 Pagesfamilies, siblings, and friends who associate with them. The number of people diagnosed with autism has increased dramatically since the 1980s, partly due to changes in diagnostic practices. As studies on autism advance, researchers continue to evaluate and distribute more information so that individuals can become familiar and comfortable with this lifelong disorder. Today, autism is recognized as a significant independent neurologically based disorder, a major health and social struggle, andRead MoreGender Equality Is A Key Tool For Proceeding Development And Dropping Down The Level Of Poverty3 131 Words   |  13 Pagescontradiction of females involving gender-based violence, reproductive health injustices and damaging traditional performs; left the universal form of dissimilarity. Females carry massive hardship throughout and after charitable emergencies. At least 30 centuries fund has been in the front of women support and endorsing legal and plan reforms and gender statistics survey and secondary projects that recovers women’s fitness and enlarge their selections in life. Although the world has and stillRead MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 Pagessense lead to the same conclusions about behavior and mental processes. _____ Psychology is not a science. Objective I.2 Define the scientific method, and explain how it is used in psychology? Psychologists use the scientific method to evaluate competing ideas; find relationship of variables by collecting data |Margin Learning Question(s) (if applicable) |Page(s) | |1.2 What processes do scientists use toRead MoreAbnormal Psychology. Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior20707 Words   |  83 Pagescorrespond to diagnostic categories we use today. His description of melancholia, for example, is similar to our current conception of depression. 69 70 Chapter 3 During the Middle Ages some â€Å"authorities† classified abnormal behaviors into two groups, those that resulted from demonic possession and those due to natural causes. The 19th-century German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin was the first modern theorist to develop a comprehensive model of classification based on the distinctive features

Code Of Ethics And Ethical Guidelines - 1547 Words

Code of Ethics and Ethical Guidelines There are many ethical codes and guidelines a supervisor should follow. One of the most important ethical codes refers to competency. The American Counseling Association (2014) and the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES) (2011) both reiterate the importance of competency professionally as a counselor and supervisor. Counselors are only to practice within their scope of competence. This is based on the counselor’s education, training, experience, and credentials (ACA, 2014). This includes experience and training as a supervisor. The ACES (2011) stated supervisors should only provide supervision for supervisees and clients that fall within their scope of training and expertise. The supervisor should be continually engaged in education to ensure continually competency (ACES, 2011). Competency is important because acting outside one’s level of competency puts the supervisor’s career at risk, can harm the su pervisee, harm the client, and raise liability issues. Ethical guidelines, while essential to follow, can also present challenges to supervisors. Gatekeeping is an ethical guideline that will present a challenge. ACA (2014) explained gatekeeping as continually evaluating supervisees and having an understanding of their limitations that impede their abilities (F.6.b). If necessary, gatekeeping can lead to remedial assistance or dismissal (ACA, 2014). Dismissal would be challenging for me as a supervisor. While itShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1471 Words   |  6 PagesNowadays, the concern for business ethics is growing rapidly in the business community around the world. Business ethics are focused on the judgment of decisions taken by managers and their behaviors. The issue regarding these judgments is the norms and cultures that shape these judgments. Business ethics are concerned about the issue, how will the issue be solved and how will it move ahead along the tran sition analysis as well (Carroll, 2014). Business ethics can be addressed at different levelsRead MoreThe Nurse s Code Of Ethics1022 Words   |  5 Pageshas a code of ethics, that sets standards and guidelines that are set in place to protect both the professional and the client. Ethics play a key role in day to day business. This paper will discuss the nurse’s code of ethics, the advantages and disadvantages, and difficulties that the author may have following the established code. This paper will also discuss whether or not there are rules that have too much emphasis on them, and rules that do not. The nurse’s code of ethics was draftedRead MoreCode of ethics serves as the moral compass that directs and guides the integrity, values, and1500 Words   |  6 PagesCode of ethics serves as the moral compass that directs and guides the integrity, values, and beliefs of an organization. A code of ethics clarifies to employees what the company stands for and its expectations for employee conduct (Daft, 2013). A well-written code is a true commitment to responsible business practices in that it outlines specific procedures to handle ethical failures. Within the research enterprise, the code of ethics ensures that research projects involving human subjects areRead MoreANA Code of Ethics1214 Words   |  5 PagesANA Code of Ethics Introduction In the field of nursing, the ANA Code of Ethics is designed to provide specific bylaws that will influence the practices of health care professionals inside the industry. However, there are different advocacy campaigns that will have an impact on how it is interpreted and applied. In the case of advocacy for population health, these issues mean that there could be moral dilemmas faced in the process (most notably: lifestyle choices and their impact on the individual)Read MoreEthical Case Study Of The Case Of James A 25 Years Old Caucasian Female Intern1539 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Case Study Analysis Paper In the case study of James a 25 years old Caucasian male intern counseling student, who is interning with the college counseling center at a local university, James have nine months left upon graduation; he admits to having no clinical experience and no experience working with diversity groups. During James internship arrival he recognized a familiar face that was identified as his ex-friend who he has not seen in years and she is the clinical supervisor for theRead MoreEthics And Its Impact On Society1281 Words   |  6 Pagesunemployment, and losing faith in the status quo, including political (government) leadership (Hasel, 2013). In modern times, ethics in government have become not only something of great public interest, but also an important area of study in the academic fields of politics and government. Ethics refers to the study of right and wrong behaviors (Makenricko, 2007). Ethics means weighing carefully the actions to be undertaken through the compliance prism of a set of values and standards defined atRead MoreEthical Issues Of The Ottawa Hospital Board1518 Words   |  7 Pagesrecognition of ethical issues, risk of ethical conflicts, and put into practice ethical decision-making as it applies to and aligns with the mission, vision and values of The Ottawa Hospital (Appendix1)1. The objective is to provide guidelines, ethical tools and resources. Board members can work with and build upon these to develop an ethics protocol of ‘best practices’ that addresses their needs. Once fully developed they should feel enabled to proactively identify ethical issues, risk of ethical issuesRead MoreEthics Comparison839 Words   |  4 PagesCode of Ethics Analysis Paper This paper compares and contrast codes of ethics as addressed by the American Counseling Association and the American Association of Christian Counselors (AACC). The main difference that one sees is that the AACC is bases its ethical codes primarily on biblical principles. According to the AACC ¸ â€Å"the code is a comprehensive, detailed, and integrative synthesis of biblical, clinical, systemic, ethical, and legal formation† (AACC Code of Ethics, 2004). Whereas theRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics And Ethics975 Words   |  4 Pagesrespective code of ethics when they feel guidance is necessary. As a counselor, regardless of our specific track, we may find ourselves referring to the American Counseling Association’s (ACA) Code of Ethics (2014). I feel the existence of a code of ethics provides the necessary guidelines and justification when things are ambiguous. It serves the purpose of keeping things under control and within limits by minimizing the amount of harm r eceived by any party. As the counselor, this set of guidelines providesRead MoreSocial Care Environment: Ethical Practice Essay1050 Words   |  5 PagesWhen working in a social care environment, ethical practice plays a major part in every aspect of your work. This essay will explain what ethical practise is, how it affects the social care industry, and some examples as to how it could play an important role in daily work. Ethical practise is difficult to properly define. â€Å"Caseworkers, supervisors, and other staff should be guided by an overarching set of ethical standards that inform their decision-making and conduct when working with children

21St Century Agriculture Free Essays

Todays agricultural community is embracing many new technologies. Innovative researchers have developed new ways to increase yields ranging from the global positioning of satellites to strip till. Strip till is a process of tilling small strips of soil while leaving the strip in between each row untilled to remain rich in organic matter. We will write a custom essay sample on 21St Century Agriculture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The benefits of strip till versus conventional till make it a practical way of increasing farm efficiency. Strip till first began in as a way for large farms to cover more acreage more efficiently in order to save time fuel and labor. The process begins a full growing season in advance with another crop. Once this crop is harvested, the stalks and other debris are mowed to the ground leaving the ground covered in organic matter; this crop is termed the cover crop. Once all equipment preparations are made the next growing season is started. A pass is made through the field with a minimum tillage implement. This implement plows up twelve-inch wide strips and then conditions them. Then the crop is planted and herbicide is applied. Throughout the growing season the crop is sprayed using a specialized hood sprayer, which protects the crop from the herbicide, to control weeds. This is a vast difference in conventional methods, which utilizes several passes to plow and condition the soil while also using herbicides. Environmentalists would have one believe that herbicide applications are detrimental to our ecosystems. However, with proper handling, our ecosystems are better protected from hazardous runoff when strip till practices are utilized. Conventional methods spray herbicide directly onto the ground where they can be washed away by rain or irrigation. Strip till methods spray herbicides onto the organic matter left behind from the cover crop where it can be absorbed into the plant. The method of spraying directly onto the desired area is called banding. The environmental concerns make strip till a more sound way of controlling unwanted organisms. Erosion and soil compaction are other environmental concerns which strip till alleviates. Wind erosion is made less possible because the ground is left with debris and root masses which holds water and do not allow the water to wash away soil particles. Soil compaction is also less of a problem because less passes with large tractors are needed to produce a crop. The greatest benefit to the farmer is cost reduction. Less fuel and less labor being required per acre generate more profit. In an era when commodity prices are at an all time low, generating a profit is of utmost importance. Through less equipment cost and maintenance, strip till allows farmers to produce a crop with less capital investments. The popularity of strip till practices grow each year as farmers find ways of incorporating it into their specific operations needs. Conventional till has been used for many centuries but this practice only stirs up a dust in that weed seed are plowed a way into a dormant stage only to be plowed up to germinate. Utilization of new agricultural technologies, such as strip till, allows producers to go into the 21st century with tools that will enable them to provide agricultural products to sustain the world. How to cite 21St Century Agriculture, Essay examples

Marketing Myopia free essay sample

The term Myopia means short-sightedness in vision. Marketing glossary has borrowed this term to aptly describe the short-sightedness by a company. Thus marketing myopia means a short-sighted and inward looking approach to marketing that focuses on the needs of the company instead of defining the company and its products in terms of the customers needs and wants. It results in the failure to see and adjust to the rapid changes in their markets. The history of Indian Business has been exposed to many instances of marketing myopia , one of the biggest being Bajaj Auto. Bajaj Auto came into existence in 1945. It started off by selling imported Vespa scooters and three wheelers in india. In 1959, it obtained license to manufacture two three wheelers and went public in 1960. In 1960, it set up a shop to manufacture them in technical collaboration with Piaggio of Italy. By 1986, it managed to produce and sell 5 lac vehicles in a single financial year. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Myopia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Under the regulated regime, foreign companies were not allowed to operate in India. The brand thrived under License Raj with virtually no competition. The brand had products like Chetak, launched in 1972 virtually owned the two wheeler segment. It was known for the reliability and sturdiness. It was during 1990-91 that the brand began the journey to the end. Bajaj Chetak had huge brand equity. The brand had the persona of a â€Å"work horse. With reasonable price and the low maintenance cost made this product a huge hit among the middle class Indians. It was a complete seller market with the waiting period for getting a scooter from Bajaj Auto being as high as 12 years. During this period, the demand for bajaj scooter was so high that it didn’t bother to much efforts into product improvement through RD. For 40 years Chetak had the same look, same quality and style. The company failed to understand the changing perception of the customers towards scooters. Rather than looking at the customers, the company focused on influencing Government to block the opening up of economy. This shows marketing Myopia existed in case of Bajaj Auto. It didn’t foresee the competition in the liberated market. The two-wheeler market was opened to foreign competition in the mid-80s. The company was caught unaware by the onslaught of the 100cc bikes of the four Indo-Japanese joint ventures. With the availability of fuel efficient low power bikes, demand swelled, resulting in Hero Honda then the only producer of four stroke bikes (100cc category), gaining a top slot. With the increase in demand in the bike segment and dropping sales of their existing as wellas new products â€Å"bajaj Classic† caused them to totally move away from scooter segment to bikes. Bajaj then had total restructuring of their business model viz, from seller to customer oriented. They improved their RD and launched new products ,like Pulsar (150 cc, 220cc), which helped them regain their market status as leader in two-wheelers.